Atomic Number 10

Neon is the element that is atomic number 10 on the periodic table. More About Atomic Number 10

History SBA Conditions Leading Up To The 1937 Riots

Conditions Leading up to the 1937 Riots There were many different factors which influenced the conditions in not only Barbados but across the British Caribbean which eventually led to uprisings in the various territories but namely Barbados. These factors can be broken down into 3 categories of Economic, Social and Political. Economic Factors Leading up to the riots Barbados’ economy was in a dreadful state due to many different factors, both internal and external. One of the more substantial external factors was The Great Depression of the 1930’s which originated in the United States of America but affected all the countries of the world. On October 29, 1929 the American stock market crashed and officially started The Great Depression.†¦show more content†¦Wages had some devastating effects such as malnutrition, high mortality rates and poverty. Unemployment, much like wages, was a major factor which added to the unrest of the public leading up to the riots. One of the causes for some of the unemployment was the establishment of many large modern sugar factories. These factories not only replaced windmills but with their increased efficiency reduced the harvesting period from 5 to 3 months. The period between harvesting and the start of the new season was referred to as hard time because it was ver y hard to find employment to be able to support one’s family. With these modern factories came revised methods of agriculture which meant there was less need for workers and resulted in some workers being laid off, only adding to the many unemployed people in Barbados. Unemployment left many families and individuals in a state of despair which led to lawlessness and in some instances crime. Social factors Poverty was one of the most substantial contributors to the hardships endured leading up to the riots. Much like the next domino in line, with low wages and unemployment came poverty which affected many families in Barbados in many different ways. In an attempt to escape poverty people moved to the parish of St. Michael in droves to the point where half of Barbados’ population was concentrated there. This move still did not ease their burden because there were no more

World Religions Report on Catholicism Hum/130 Free Essays

string(38) " is a question I have longed to know\." World Religions Report on Catholicism HUM/130 By Sally Navarro This paper is to inform the reader about the religion called Catholicism. This religion had spanned the trials and tribulations of time, and been throughout history as the only religion held sacred to the followers of this faith. The following will be told about the religion that I have found from a believer/follower of this faith. We will write a custom essay sample on World Religions Report on Catholicism Hum/130 or any similar topic only for you Order Now I will tell you about the interviewer, the interview site, what the interview contains. Also, I will be writing about how this religion compares and contrasts to the religion of my faith, which is Christianity. Catholic Mass The mass I went to was very interesting. In this because, upon entering the Sanctuary, there is the Holy Water well, that the faithful dip, their fingers into, and make a cross motion on their forehead. The Holy Water is for the faithful in remembrance of their baptism, and rejects Satan. The faithful answer to several Hail Mary prayers before the start of the service; they prep their hearts and minds for mass. Throughout the service, there was constant standing, sitting, and kneeling while the Priest prepared the sacrament, or the Eucharist, commonly called communion of the last supper. During this ritual, there were members of the congregation that assisted with the body of Christ, and the Blood of Christ, in dispensing them to other members of this parish. At the beginning of the mass, the altar boys and girls accompany the Priest into the sanctuary, where the altar boy is carrying a crucifix, the Priest is behind him, and there is the person carrying the bible, holding it in the air. For every ritual the Catholics have, there seems to be a prayer for that ritual. In the constant standing and sitting and kneeling, Father Weibel called this â€Å"Catholic Calisthenics,† (Father Weibel, St. Wendelin Catholic Parish 2009). The Priest opens his sermon with a joke, followed by a brief sermon about Jesus and his love for us. The entire mass lasted about 45 minutes, less than the typical Christian service, which is about an hour. At the end of the service, there was a ritual where there is bell ringing and they put their hands over their hearts, I do not know what this is for, but I did forget to ask. The service ended with the Priest saying, â€Å"This mass is now over, go and be with God! † Name The interviewee is Brenda Campbell. She is in her late 30’s has two school age daughters. She is also married, and works at the College Co-operative. This is where college students from around the area can come to study, take tests, and look up reference information while in a quiet, study-oriented room with 8-10 computers. I asked her to give this interview if she has the time, and she jokingly said, â€Å"Anything for you Sally! † So, I could not get an interview at the Catholic Parish itself, so I had to settle with interviewing her at her job, since I am a student registered there at the Library to use those services. Interview summary In this interview summary is the responses to the10 questions I had prepared for Mrs. Campbell. Several of these questions have long answers, I will provide the answers in short summaries where possible, and being careful not to leave out the root or context of the response. If this happens, then the underlying meaning of the answer has been lost. In the opening question, I asked Brenda a simple, yet a beneficial question to this paper. I asked her â€Å"what are the foundations of Catholicism, and where did its beliefs originate? † Her reply is rather short and to the point of no explanation, she says â€Å"the Catholic church is a continuation of the Christian community which was founded by Saint Peter. The beliefs of Catholics are based on the Bible and traditions long handed down from the times of the apostles. † I found this interesting, because I did not know that Catholicism was a branch of the Christian faith, nor did I know that Saint Peter founded the Catholic Church. Brenda gave a laugh when she told me that I was right, when I said I was ignorant to the Religion of Catholicism. In the second question I gave to Brenda which reads as â€Å"Why is the Virgin Mary, mother of Jesus held as sacred to believers of this faith? Brenda’s response shows how logically and true to believers when she says â€Å"The main reason for this is that she is the mother of Jesus. Secondly, there was a moment that the Angel Gabriel came to Mary at a very young age and at that moment she completely gave herself to God. With her acceptance of God’s will for us and her willingness to give herself fully and unconditionally to God is an example to everyone. † This shows me that giving one’s self to God is easy, but then it is hard to stay in that mission. But, Christian groups believe that Mary was just a vehicle for Jesus, who is the true messiah to the faithful. The third question is one that has been debated for years between two groups of Christian denominations. The Jehovah’s Witness do not believe in the Holy Trinity, as for the Catholics and the Christians do believe in this doctrine. When I asked Brenda this question she says that the† Trinity is made up of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. The followers of Catholicism believe they are three persons under one God head, representing the presence and the power of God. I have also heard it referred to as â€Å"team God,† This means all three the same, but in different beings. Christians have believed this all a long time, but how can they be the same, and different at the same time? Did Jesus raise himself from his grave? Here is a question I have longed to know. You read "World Religions Report on Catholicism Hum/130" in category "Papers" The question involves the use of altar boys/girls and their purpose in the service of Catholics. The question I posed to Brenda is â€Å"What is the purpose of Altar boys and girls during the ritual of service? † Brenda replies in a simplistic answer, â€Å"Their roles are to assist the clergy when the service is being held. They have a supporting role in tasks at the altar such as fetching and carrying communion cups, holding the Bible for the clergy reading from it, and ringing of the altar bells. † This ritual in the Catholic Church seems to be a lot to understand when one has never been to a Catholic service before. So many players (roles) are involved for the service ritual to take place. In some Christian services, there are the uses of liturgists, normally people who rotate this duty to join the congregation in faith by reading together certain passages from the bible. The CCD classes, or commonly referred to as followers of this faith as being Confraternity of Christian Doctrine. Brenda points out that the reason form this is the youth need to learn, and understand the basic teachings of the Catholic Church. The reason for this, she says is â€Å"the school age children need to understand and learn the roots of their faith. † Just as one new to the world of Christianity would need to go to bible study to understand the word of God, and the teachings of Jesus, to fully understand what Christianity is and means. Also, instilling these root beliefs will aid them in the future by giving them moral beliefs. In the Presbyterian Church, there is a class called new members class, which is the same as the Catholics, as in to the roots of the belief. When one enters the Catholic faith, and gets some understanding about this faith, they have a duty to go to confession. When I asked Brenda about confession, and what the purpose of confession is she sums it up in another simple answer. Confession, what is the purpose of confession, and what does it help the confessor deal with? She said, â€Å"The purpose of Confession or reconciliation is to provide healing to the soul of the confessor. This means to regain the grace of God that is lost by sin. After confession, the Priest gives the confessor the forgiveness of sins. But, in Christianity, the only one who can forgive sins is God, through Jesus, who died for our sins according to the Bible. Priesthood, this is a very powerful topic in the sense of being a communicator to the almighty, and having power to tell the confessor that God forgives you for your sins. Does the priest or Father have that kind of authority to say this? I will let you make the decision on this question. The topic of how one becomes a Father or Priest came up in the discussion with Brenda, and she tells me how one a Father or Priest becomes. In becoming a Father, or Priest, the first step is internal discernment, which means one must discover their call and act on it. After understanding and determining their calling, they must attend seminary for four years. This is no different than what ministers and other preachers would do to answer their call to God’s work. She also says that they can do this as well as go to college, but all must complete four years of college and four years of seminary. Upon completion of seminary, the one who completed seminary would go to a Catholic church to serve as a deacon for a six month appointment. There is something that is equally needed in both Christianity, and Catholicism. That there is the answer to God calling one, and the need to go to Seminary, or Bible College to obtain the knowledge of God’s word to spread the message of God’s will for humanity. Here is a ritual that I have no understanding about. I asked Brenda what the name of this ritual was but she must not have heard me. The question I said to Brenda was, â€Å"the blessing action that the Priest gives, what is the name of this ritual, and what does it symbolize? She answers, â€Å"The Priest is using incense to create smoke that comes out of the chalice. This represents purification and sanctification. The smoke is to represent the prayers that are being lifted up to heaven with the smoke. I understand this to be a purification ritual of some sorts, by the actions of the priest. He goes around in a underhanded motion to gently move the chalice back and fourth among the congregation, while blessing them and lifting their prayers up to heaven. I thought that God hears all our prayers? The Christians, like the Jehovah’s Witness believes that all prayers go to heaven without the use of incense, and prayed through Jesus. This brings us to the ritual of communion. What this means and what this does is in the followers of this belief. The disciple’s last meal with Jesus is remembered by the Last supper. In describing this, Brenda says that this is the way we remember what Christ has done for us. This is our way of participating in the body of Christ, that we become one with him and as members of his church. As Jesus said to his disciples, that they are to take of his body, to cleanse the soul, prepare the way for Christ to enter the their heart, by asking for forgiveness before they partake in the ritual of communion, also known as the sacrament to some other Christian beliefs. In closing of the interview with Brenda Campbell, there was one last question I had for her, which may be the biggest one I wanted to know the answer to. I asked Brenda â€Å"Is it easy to convert to the Catholic religion? How and what would someone have to do to be converted to the Catholic religion? In a very lengthy response Brenda says, â€Å"Converting to the Catholic faith is a very big deal. In becoming a catholic means that the converter consents to all the church teachings. † She also says with conversion, there is work and faith for her members, which translates to me that there is to be service work and spreading the word of the lord to others as well. She also continues to say, â€Å"One is expected to avail themselves to the sacraments regularly, as well as to attend a four to seven month class called RCIA, or Rite of Christian Initiation for Adults. This,† she says, is for the development of a solid grounding in the Catholic faith. â€Å"Before one gets initiated into the Catholic Church, this involves Reconciliation, Baptisms, and confirmation into the Catholic faith. This is a lot to go through to convert to the Catholic belief. This is more than other Christian denominations do for them to be members of certain churches. I know this to be true in a Christian church back where I used to live. Where the preacher asked someone to come down or has a decision to make today, that he invites them down and pray with him and tell him what you need. This person went down during the invitation song, prayed with the preacher and after the song was over, he gave a brief description of what this person did to end up at that church and after that, the preacher turned to the person who joined the church and asked him a few questions. One of the questions the preacher asked the person joining the church was at the end. The preacher asks the person do you accept Jesus Christ as you personal Lord and savior, the person answered, yes. After that, this person was a member of the First Christian church. That is a big difference form just confessing faith in the lord to become a member of the Christian Church, and how much more time is needed to become a member of the Catholic Church. Conclusion The difference between Christian and Catholic is Mary. The Catholics believe Mary is sacred, and the Christians believe that Mary is the mother of Jesus, which is true, but Jesus is the Messiah not Mary. References Father Weibel 2009 St. Wendelin Catholic Parish Brenda Campbell, 2009, St. Mary’s Catholic Parish, www. inplainsight. org 2009 How to cite World Religions Report on Catholicism Hum/130, Papers

Business Structure Supreme Pty Ltd

Question: Discuss about the Business Structure for Supreme Pty Ltd. Answer: Introduction: In the first part of this assignment, it needs to be discussed, which business structure will be most suitable for Jack, Jill and Max, who are already running a successful business of selling trucks. However they have not yet organized a formal business structure therefore they want advice regarding the business structure that will be most appropriate for them. For this purpose, the advantages and the disadvantages that are related with the options available to them in this regard also need to be discussed. In second part of the assignment, the liability of Child Toys Supreme Pty Ltd needs to be discussed regarding a statement made by a salesperson of the company, Betty. She had promised to the retailer customers of the company that the toys being sold by the company do not contain any harmful plastic chemicals but this statement was not true. The result was that the retailer customers of the company lost sales when the truth regarding the presence of chemical elements in the toys becomes known. At the same time, a child is also seriously injured as a result of these harmful chemicals. Under these circumstances, the liability of Child Toys Supreme Ltd needs to be discussed. Another issue that is present in this regard is if Child Toys can take action against Charles as he had formed a company that competes with the business of Child Toys in violation of the clause present in the employment contract of Charles. In this case, the issue that needs to be decided is related with the business structure that will prove to be most suitable for Jack, Jill and Max. For this purpose, they want to know the advantages and disadvantages that are connected with the business structure that they can adopt in the future. On the basis of the facts that have been provided in this version, you can be said that the incorporation of the company will prove to be most suitable for the parties. The reason is that several benefits will be available to Jack, Jill and Max if they opt for the incorporation of a company. For example, the benefit of limited liability will be available to the parties in this case. Consequently, if Jack, Jill and Max have registered a company for running their business, their liability will be limited as the shareholders of the company. The reason is that according to the law, the shareholders are generally not treated as liable for the debts that have been incurred by the company (Gillies, 2004.). In case of a company, the shareholders will only be liable up to the amount that has been invested by them in the company (Foss v Harbottle, 1843). Likewise, the creditors of the company are allowed to enforce their rights only against the company and the sides cannot be enforced against the shareholders (Macaura v Northern Assurance Co Ltd., 1925). Another benefit available in case of a company is that of perpetual succession (Graw and Sangkuhl, 2015). The existence of the company is not dependent on the shareholders/directors or other officers (Re Noel Tedman Holdings Pty Ltd. 1967). Consequently, the existence of the company will not be impacted by any changes made as a result of the death or retirement of members. The reason behind this position is that a company is stated as having its own identity. By incorporating a company in the present case, the parties will also have a significant source to raise capital for the business. For example, a company can issue different classes of shares for the purpose of raising capital. One more benefit that is available in case of a company is that it provides prestige and credibility to the business. However this does not mean that there are no disadvantages associated with the business structure of a company. Therefore when the parties decide to register Company, visit also keep in mind these disadvantages. The first disadvantages that the initial cost of setting up a company is higher as compared to the situation when the parties are running their business as sole trader or partnership (Hanrahan, 2010). The regulatory requirements that have been imposed on a company are also higher than the parties have registered a company. According to the law, the records of the company should be maintained diligently (Harris, Hargovan and Adams, 2015). The company is also required to elect their directors, hold their meetings and certain information is also required to be provided to the shareholders. In this case, Jack, Jill and Max have been running their ranking business successfully. However there now, they are not organized in a formal business structure. Consequently, it can be advised that they should opt for the registration of a company for running their business. In this part of the question, the issue is if Marty is responsible for the misrepresentation and negligence of Betty, who is a salesperson of Child Toys Supreme while Marty is the sole director of the company. Betty had promised to a retailer customer that the toys of the company do not contain any harmful plastic chemicals, but in reality, it was not true. The result was that the child suffered serious injuries and the retailer customer also lost sales. Under these circumstances, the issue arises if Child Toys can be held accountable to the injured child and the retailer customers. According to the law, it has been clearly mentioned that the principal will be liable for the acts of the agent when the agent was acting within its authority that has been conferred under the agency agreement. As a result of this position under the law, if the agent has acted while furthering the interests of his or her principal and similarly it can be said that the actions of the agent are according to the agency agreement, it can be said that the legal liability arising out of such acts may fall on the principal (Vermeesch and Lindgren, 2011). In such a situation, it has been provided by the law that if any third party has been wronged as a result of the actions of the agent, such person can either sue the principal or the agent (Fleming, 2011). But if in such a case, the third party has decided to sue the agent, in such a case and option is available to the agent to enforce the right according to which, the agent can be indemnified by the principal (Khoury and Yamouni, 2010). Hence, it is very important that the principle remains aware of the scope of authority provided to the agent in accordance with agency agreement (Vermeesch and Lindgren, 2005). But in some cases, the law may presu me that the agent will be held directly liable for such actions (Lambiris, 2011). In this context, an example can be given of the situation where there has been fraud or gross negligence committed by the agent (Lipton, Herzberg and Welsh, M, 2016). But even in such a case, sometimes the principal can still be considered as liable although the actions of the agent was beyond the authority that has been provided to the agent. In the present question, it has to be seen that the Australian Consumer Law prohibits any misleading or deceptive conduct that may take place in context of trade and commerce (Williams v Pisano, 2015). This provision is a part of section 18 of the Act. Therefore in this case, Betty had made a misrepresentation while he was acting as a salesperson of the company or in other words, was the agent of the company (Lambris, 2010). Under these circumstances, a misrepresentation has been made by Betty and it can be said that this statement was made by Betty in furtherance of the business of the principal (Seddon and Ellinghas, 2008). As a result, in this case Child Toys will be held responsible for the misrepresentation and the loss and injuries suffered by the third parties. The issue arises in this part is if any action can be taken by Child Toys Pty Ltd against Charles for his actions. The issue arises due to the fact that there was a clause in the employment contract of John's according to which he was prohibited from competing against Child Toys Pty Ltd for two years after he has retired. But soon after his retirement, Charles decided to start a business that was in direct competition with Child Toys. With this objective in mind, Charles and his wife formed a company, Better Toys Pty Ltd. In this company, the sole director was Charles' wife, while both of them were the shareholders of the company. Under these circumstances, it has to be determined if the restrictive covenant that was present in Charles' employment contract with Child Toys can be enforced against the new company, Better Toys Pty Ltd. For this purpose, the corporate veil may need to be lifted. According to the basic principle of corporations law, a company is considered as having its own distinct identity and therefore it is separate from its members (Graw, 2011). The doctrine of separate legal identity was mentioned by the court in Salomon v Salomon (1896). However with the passage of time, a number of exceptions have been developed to this rule (Graw, 2008). Therefore, there are certain circumstances when the court may set aside the distinct identity of a corporation and hold the members of the corporation, liable for his actions (Associated Foreign Exchange Ltd v International Foreign Exchange (UK) Ltd., 2010). This action is called lifting the corporate veil. Such an action was taken by the court in Gilford Motor Company Ltd v Horne (1933). The facts of this case resemble the issue present in this question. Mr. Horne was acting as a managing director of Gilford Motor Company and after he had left the company, he established another company and started soliciting the customers of Gilford Motor Company. The section was in breach of the non-competition covenant that has been mentioned in this employment contract. Therefore while deciding the issue, an injunction was granted by the Court of Appeal against Horne and his company. The court stated that the new company can be considered as a cloak that has been used by Horne to breach the non-competition covenant. A similar decision was given in Jones v Lipman (1962). In this case also, Charles had incorporated Better Toys Pty Ltd with a view to evade the breach of covenant according to which, Charles will not compete with the business of Child Toys for two years after he has left the company. In this way, the court may decide to let the corporate veil and the covenant can be imposed against the members of Better Toys Pty Ltd. Hence, action can be taken against Charles and Better Toys for the breach of covenant. References Fleming, J., 2011. The Law of Torts. Law Book Company. Gillies P., 2004. Business Law. 12th ed. Australia: Federation Press. Graw, P., and Sangkuhl, W 2015 Understanding Business Law 7th ed LexisNexis Butterworths Graw, S 2011, An Introduction to the Law of Contract, 7th Ed., Thomson Reuters. Graw, S., 2008. An Introduction to the Law of Contract. 6th ed. Australia: Thomson. Hanrahan, P., 2010. Commercial Application of Company Law. Australia: CCH. Harris, J. Hargovan, A. Adams, M. 2015, Australian Corporate Law LexisNexis Butterworths 5th edition, Khoury, D., Yamouni, Y., 2010. Understanding Contract Law. 10th ed. Australia: LexisNexis Lambiris, M., 2011, First Principles of Business Law, Australia: CCH. Lambris, M., 2010, First Principles of Business Law, Australia: CCH. Lipton P, Herzberg A and Welsh, M, 2016, Understanding Company Law, 18th edition 2016 Thomson Reuters Seddon N.C. and Ellinghas M.P., 2008, Cheshire and Fifoots Law of Contract, Australia 27th ed. Butterworths Vermeesch, R B, Lindgren, K E, 2011, Business Law of Australia Butterworths, 12th Edition Vermeesch, R. B., and Lindgren, K. E., 2005, Business Law of Australia, 11th ed. Australia: Butterworths. Associated Foreign Exchange Ltd v International Foreign Exchange (UK) Ltd and Another ChD (2010) EWHC 1178 Foss v Harbottle (1843) 67 ER 189 Gilford Motor Co Ltd v Horne [1933] Ch 935 Jones v Lipman and Another ChD ([1962] 1 WLR 832 Macaura v Northern Assurance Co Ltd [1925] AC 619 Re Noel Tedman Holdings Pty Ltd. (1967) QdR 561 Salomon v Salomon Co Ltd [1896] UKHL 1 Williams v Pisano [2015] NSWCA 177.